Cognitive development during the early years, particularly between ages 0 to 6, is crucial as it lays the foundation for formal education and literacy milestones. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 emphasizes Early Childhood Care and Education (ECCE) to address this need, advocating for universal access to high-quality pre-primary education through anganwadi centres, pre-schools, and community-based nurseries. This approach aims to bridge the early learning gap and ensure a smooth transition to school where Foundational Literacy and Numeracy (FLN) benchmarks support further cognitive development.
The Role of Pre-School Engagement
Research indicates that engaging in quality pre-school programs has a significantly positive effect on young children’s cognitive and language skills. Government data highlights that 85% of a child’s brain develops within the first six years, and this stage is crucial for shaping their personality and learning abilities. Therefore, early years must be supported by appropriate pedagogy and curriculum to facilitate effective transition from pre-school to formal schooling.
Activity-Based Learning
Tactile, activity-based, and experiential learning are more effective in developing cognitive skills than traditional formal instruction. Studies suggest that tactile experiences, which engage all five senses, stimulate brain development in young learners, enhancing motor skills and spatial awareness. Children, naturally curious, thrive in environments that allow them to interact actively with their surroundings.
Government Initiatives and Challenges
The government’s focus on creating bal vatikas (bridge years) and co-locating anganwadis within school complexes is a positive step. However, there are concerns about the capacity of anganwadi and Asha workers to transition from focusing solely on nutrition and health to effectively teaching pre-school children and using Teaching Learning Materials (TLMs) effectively.
The introduction of training programs for anganwadi workers, particularly those who are graduates, aims to equip them to teach pre-school children. Initiatives like the “jadui pitara” (Magic Box) developed by NCERT provide colorful, play-based materials to support basic literacy and numeracy. Despite these resources, the effectiveness of pre-school education hinges on the trainers’ understanding of integrating play with learning.
The Need for Trained Educators
In May 2023, the launch of the “Poshan Bhi, Padhai Bhi” (Education along with nutrition) program highlighted the importance of holistic development for children under six. However, the success of these initiatives depends on having well-trained anganwadi workers and teachers who can effectively implement the ECCE framework as outlined in NEP 2020.
Coordination between the Women and Child Development (WCD) and education departments, along with creating a cadre of master teacher trainers, is essential for building the capacity of anganwadi workers. Such measures will be crucial for achieving the goal of reducing inequalities and enhancing early childhood learning.
